Spatial Distribution Assessment and Source Apportionment of Land-Based Pollutant Yield from Qingdao,China     

SU Ying  LIANG Shengkang  ZHANG Peng  WANG Xiulin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1)

The spatial distribution of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total nitrogen(TN) yield from Qingdao are studied by comparing pollutant yield amount, densities and spatial aggregation(Getis-Ord indexes) among the land-based pollutant source regions(PSRs) entering the three sub-seas(i.e. the Jiaozhou Bay(JZB), other coastal area in the Yellow Sea(OCAYS) and Laizhou Bay(LZB), respectively). Industrial composition of the loads are also studied by comparing pollutant yield among the sources of agriculture, rural domesticity, industry, urban domesticity and service, and calculation of Gini coefficient. Results show that spatial distribution of COD and TN yield from Qingdao are extremely unbalanced. The JZB, with less than 3% of the total coastal sea area of Qingdao, received 62% COD load and 65% TN yield from Qingdao, while the OCAYS, with more than 97% area, only received 23% COD and 20% TN, which consist with the much worsen water quality of JZB than that of OCAYS. On the other hand, the source apportionment of COD and TN loads in the PSRs entering JZB and the OCAYS was similar. The agricultural and domestic sources with high pollution intensity account for more than 80%, while the industrial and service sources with low pollution intensity account for less than 20%. While Gini coefficients, COD 0.81 and TN 0.84 which are much higher than the ‘imbalance' threshold of 0.4, show the uneven industrial structure of Qingdao. These results may be useful in the determination of land-based pollution total amount control at the PSR level.  相似文献   

Formation of Li Salts from Natural Brines during Isothermal Evaporation at 25℃          下载免费PDF全文

SONG Peng-sheng  DONG Ya-ping  LI Wu 《盐湖研究》2019,27(2):1-10

Li brines are the primary resources for Li salt industries. Evaporation is necessary to concentrate Li due to its low level of concentration in raw brines. The salt sequences during the evaporation of Li brines,especially the behavior of Li salts,represent key data for solar technologies. However,chemists cannot use any phase diagram to estimate Li salt sequences during evaporation at 25℃ . The thermodynamic model proposed by us in2003 represents the only tool for the prediction of equilibrium conditions during the evaporation of solutions containing Li~+,Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+)/Cl~-,SO_4~(2-),and-H_2 O components at 25℃ . In this paper,the predicted salt sequences of 20 brines are reported. The results indicate that( 1) the first crystallized Li salt during evaporation of Li brine varies in brine composition;( 2) lithium sulfate is crystallized in many cases initially for brines of magnesium sulfate subtype,while Db4( Li_2 SO_4·K_2 SO_4) or Db3( 2 Li_2 SO_4·Na_2 SO_4·K_2 SO_4) appears first for sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfatesubtypes with lower Mg/Li composition,and the final eutectic point is H ~+ LiC ~+ Lc ~+ Ls ~+ Car;( 3) the final eutectic point is H ~+ LiC ~+ Lc ~+ Car for brines of chloride type; and( 4) Li content corresponding to the first crystallized Li salt is in the range of 0. 43%-1%. These findings enhance our knowledge of Li chemistry and provide insights into solar pond technology of the Li-brine process.  相似文献   

机载条纹管成像激光雷达在拍岸区探测水雷          下载免费PDF全文

王力  刘峡  王玥  吴中平 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2018,1(1):30-33

为了解决拍岸区水雷探测的问题，以无人机为载体的条纹管成像蓝绿激光雷达可以用来扫描、识别水雷，蓝绿激光成像雷达白天和夜晚均可以稳定成像，机载探测方式相对于水下、水面等传统探测方式效率也可以提高，机载激光雷达可由小型船舶、小型汽车等多平台携带使用。  相似文献   

Geophysical Signature of the Shallow Water Flow in the Deepwater Basin of the Northern South China Sea     

Xiaohua Zhang  Yunbao Sun  Shiguo Wu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,17(4):791-798

Shallow water flow (SWF), a disastrous geohazard in the continental margin, has threatened deepwater drilling operations. Under overpressure conditions, continual flow delivering unconsolidated sands upward in the shallow layer below the seafloor may cause large and long-lasting uncontrolled flows; these flows may lead to control problems and cause well damage and foundation failure. Eruptions from over-pressured sands may result in seafloor craters, mounds, and cracks. Detailed studies of 2D/3D seismic data from a slope basin of the South China Sea (SCS) indicated the potential presence of SWF. It is commonly characterized by lower elastic impedance, a higher Vp/Vs ratio, and a higher Poisson’s ratio than that for the surrounding sediments. Analysis of geological data indicated the SWF zone originated from a deepwater channel system with gas bearing over-pressured fluid flow and a high sedimentation rate. We proposed a fluid flow model for SWF that clearly identifies its stress and pressure changes. The rupture of previous SWF zones caused the fluid flow that occurred in the Baiyun Sag of the northern SCS.  相似文献   

A Preliminary Genetic Linkage Map of Sinonovacula constricta(Lamarck, 1818) Based on Microsatellites Derived from RAD Sequencing     

WU Xueping  FENG Yanwei  JIANG Hailin  LIU Xiangquan  PAN Ying 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(4)

Sinonovacula constricta is one of the important economic aquaculture species in China. In this study, we constructed genetic linkage maps of S. constricta based on 300 microsatellite markers derived from RAD-seq using an F1 full-sib family. The female map contained 204 microsatellites assigned to 22 linkage groups, which covered 1529.5 cM with an average interval of 10.3 cM. The male consisted of 187 microsatellites in 19 linkage groups corresponding to the haploid chromosome number(n(28)19), which spanned 1429.3 cM with an average interval of 8.7 cM. The genome coverage was approximately 83.5% and 81.4%, respectively. An integrated map was constructed according to the common markers in parental linkage groups, which had a total length of 1683.8 cM with an average interval of 7.3 cM. The genome coverage of the integrated map was approximately 86.3%. The genetic linkage map would form the foundation for further studies on the quantitative trait loci(QTL), as well as accelerating the breeding process of this species.  相似文献   

Optimal reduction of anthropogenic emissions for air pollution control and the retrieval of emission source from observed pollutants Ⅰ. Application of incomplete adjoint operator     

Qingcun Zeng  Lin Wu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(7):951-956

The ultimate solution to anthropogenic air pollution depends on an adjustment and upgrade of industrial and energy structures. Before this process can be completed, reducing the anthropogenic pollutant emissions is an effective measure. This is a problem belonging to “Natural Cybernetics”, i.e., the problem of air pollution control should be solved together with the weather prediction; however, this is very complicated. Considering that heavy air pollution usually occurs in stable weather conditions and that the feedbacks between air pollutants and meteorological changes are insufficient, we propose a simplified natural cybernetics method. Here, an off-line air pollution evolution equation is first solved with data from a given anthropogenic emission inventory under the predicted weather conditions, and then, a related “incomplete adjoint problem” is solved to obtain the optimal reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Usually, such solution is sufficient for satisfying the air quality and economical/ social requirements. However, a better solution can be obtained by iteration after updating the emission inventory with the reduced anthropogenic emissions. Then, this paper discusses the retrieval of the pollutant emission source with a known spatio-temporal distribution of the pollutant concentrations, and a feasible mathematical method to achieve this is proposed. The retrieval of emission source would also help control air pollution.  相似文献   

宿迁数字测震台网建设效益分析     

张荣杉  冯武  彭澎 《防灾减灾学报》2018,(2):51-55

宿迁市数字测震台网是宿迁市防震减灾"十三五"规划的重点项目,介绍了宿迁数字测震台网的建设内容、台网布局,分析了宿迁测震台网监测能力,以及台网建成后,在宿迁市防震减灾、地震预报研究和保障社会稳定方面发挥的重要作用等。  相似文献   

太平洋深海沉积物来源的菌株Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1对孔雀石绿降解特性的研究     

曲武  洪国粦  赵晶 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):104-111

本文在太平洋深海沉积物中分离得到一株孔雀石绿降解菌株，鉴定命名为Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1。通过菌株生长实验和高效液相色谱的研究表明， HMG1菌株可以在20 mg/L的孔雀石绿中维持较快的生长速率，并且在12 h内可降解98.8%的孔雀石绿，这证明该菌株具有很高的孔雀石绿耐受能力和降解活性。通过基因组测序在HMG1菌株发现一条过氧化物酶基因可能参与了孔雀石绿的降解，随后利用原核表达获得了相应的重组蛋白。实验表明，该重组过氧化物酶具有极强的活性，可在1000 mg/L的孔雀石绿中发挥降解功能。本文利用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对孔雀石绿的菌株降解产物和重组酶降解产物进行鉴定，并基于鉴定结果推测了两种降解途径。结果发现两种降解方式存在共同的降解途径。此外，孔雀石绿降解条件的实验结果证明重组过氧化物酶可以在低温（20℃）、复杂的pH值（6.0–9.0）、高盐度（100 mmol/L）、金属离子和EDTA等反应条件下依旧维持很高的孔雀石绿降解活性。以上实验结果表明，HMG1菌株和重组过氧化物酶均在孔雀石绿污染生物修复方面具有很大潜力。  相似文献   

基于无人机MiniSAR和正射影像的海岸带开发利用信息提取对比研究          下载免费PDF全文

王厚军  张莹  丁宁  胡楠  李明 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(11):27-31

近年来,海洋在沿海国家的战略地位空前提升,海洋遥感技术也被广泛应用。海洋遥感利用电磁波与大气和海洋的相互作用原理,从卫星平台观测和研究海洋海岸带的各种现象,从而获取海岸带信息,分析海岸带变化。文章基于GIS和遥感技术,利用无人机搭载微型合成孔径雷达(MiniSAR)获取高分辨率SAR影像并与无人机光学正射影像进行对比研究,获取了海岸带开发利用信息分布状况,分析了两种手段获取结果的差异性原因,为深入开展无人机遥感监测在海洋管理中的应用奠定了基础。利用无人机机动灵活的特点,宏观、快速、高效地获取海岸带信息,并实时监测海岸带动态变化,将为海洋综合管理、海洋经济发展、海洋环境保护提供基础数据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

基于灯光数据的中国县域城镇建设用地产出效率时空演变特征     

周翼  谢保鹏  陈英  赵鸿雁  裴婷婷 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(12):1733-1744

本文以灯光密度表征建设用地产出效率,采取KDE、ESDA、SDE等方法对中国县域尺度2000-2015年建设用地产出效率的总体特征、时空演变以及方向分布进行分析,研究发现：① 夜间灯光总亮度与建设用地出产出存在较强的相关关系,说明可用灯光总亮度表征建设用地产出,以灯光密度反映建设用地产出效率具有一定的科学性。② 建设用地产出效率东高西低,持续上升;增长速度西高东低,中部居中,但区域间年均增长率最大相差0.56%,整体较为均衡。③ 虽然建设用地产出效率由2000年的0.008单位灯光/km²持续上升至2015年的0.025单位灯光/km²,但其核密度曲线始终处于中低水平且右侧区间不断扩大,说明中国建设用地产出效率总体水平较低,呈现出中低水平俱乐部收敛的特征。④ 建设用地产出效率的全局 Moran's I指数都大于0,建设用地产出效率存在正向空间分布特征,且其局部空间格局变化较小,存在稳中有动,强中有弱,弱中有强的特点。⑤ 方向分布上,建设用地产出效率的方位角始终在72.420^o与81.066^o之间,说明东北-西南方向为建设用地产出效率的主要方向,且标准差椭圆的主轴与辅轴标准差都有所增加,说明在建设用地产出效率的主要方向与次要方向上都发生了分散现象。  相似文献